Should Vending Machines Be Turned Off During The Day

Should Vending Machines be Turned off during the School Day? Many schools nowadays turn off their vending machines during the school day to prevent students from eating fattening foods. In California and Hawaii, state legislators are very close to passing a law that would ban any drinks excluding milk, water or juice from being sold in elementary schools, and reduce the hours older students can use the vending machines. Michelle Obama and the Obama Administration have asked Congress to improve childrens nutrition by getting rid of school vending machines that provide students with sugary snacks and drinks. The problem with this is school’s are making an extravagant amount of money off feeding their students with artificial flavoring and†¦show more content†¦If you don’t teach students responsibility for their own health and awareness, how are they supposed to grow up as proper adults? Our schooling system is very corrupt and wrong. Citation Page 1. Winter, Greg. States Try to Limit Sales of Junk Food In School Buildings. The New York Times. The New York Times, 09 Sept. 2001. Web. 03 Nov. 2013. 2. Huntington, Dale. Obama Wants School Vending Machine Changes. Msnbc.com. N.p., 2 Feb. 2010. Web. 03 Nov. 2013. 3. Gray, Brian. Iron County Today - Schools Should Voluntarily Do Right with Vending Machines. Iron County Today - Schools Should Voluntarily Do Right with Vending Machines. N.p., 20 May 2012. Web. 03 Nov. 2013. 4. Godelnik, Raz. New Standards for School Vending Machines Provide More Than Healthy Snacks. Triple Pundit RSS. N.p., 3 July 2013. Web. 03 Nov. 2013. 5. Fishbein, Rebecca. Obamas Kicking All The Junk Food Out Of School Vending Machines. Gothamist. N.p., 29 June 2013. Web. 03 Nov.Show MoreRelatedLiterature Review Write Up with Cover Page4074 Words   |  17 PagesVending Machine Food Environment Assessment Literature Review Erin Fitzharris University of Iowa-School of Public Health Susan Klein Iowa State University Extension Carol Voss Iowa Department of Public Health Fit for Life Program Summer 2008 1 The food environment has only recently been studied as an important contributor to the dietary decisions people make every day; decisions which ultimately impact both short- and long-term health outcomes. The built environment, or the surroundingsRead MoreEssay about vendo printing machine5491 Words   |  22 Pagesï » ¿Upgraded Vendo Printing Machine ________________ An Information Technology Project Proposal presented to Faculty of the College of Computer Studies Tarlac State University Tarlac City _______________ Clinton John D. Macapulay Wally G. Soriano Catherine R. Castillo Lady Lyn R. Cayabyab Jaime S. Santos John Kennedy A. Gamboa Micoh B. 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Personal Statement Leroy Brown - 835 Words

It began like a routine leader-subordinate encounter, him the leader and I the naà ¯ve subordinate. He introduced himself as Leroy Brown and shared his experiences and accolades in his field. As I listened, I determined what he did before my arrival made no difference. I wanted to know first-hand what kind of man he truly was. It was not until after I started working with him I realized what so many others before me had experienced. It was not his work performance, or his ability to make the impossible possible. It was his attitude that resonated throughout the organization, his innate ability to put himself in our position and say, â€Å"I won’t tell you what to do, just what I would have done.† My curiosity and my admiration for him brightened as the years progressed. He was an inspiration with a heart of gold. Leroy had all the experience and tact to inspire greatness and loyalty from his subordinates and confidence from his superior. 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Business Communications Emotional Intelligence and Success

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Communicationsfor Emotional Intelligence and Success. Answer: Introduction Effective communication is the back born of every successful transaction between individuals and even corporate businesses. Communication is the sharing of meaning putting in mind all the aspects of communication such as emotional intelligence, non-verbal cues, active listening and cultural considerations. Hence, possessing the mastery of these communication skills will ensure success at social and professional levels. This paper seeks to outline why emotional intelligence, active listening and assertiveness are critical to effective communication. Additionally, the paper will point out why ethos, pathos and logos and cultural consideration translate to successful oral presentations. Emotional Intelligence and Success at Work Emotional intelligence (EI) is a crucial determinant of success in work life as people understand themselves and others compared to cognitive ability (IQ) that emphasizes on technical abilities. Goleman (1995, 1998) defines Emotional intelligence as the capacity to understand self-emotions, control them, motivate self, recognize other peoples emotions and handle personal relationships. Cohesive and harmonious relationship with people creates an environment for success in social and professional levels. According to Van Genderen (2013), emotional intelligence challenges the traditional understanding of IQ as the success assessor due to the capacity to manage self and others. Emotional intelligence encompasses self-awareness, and self-management; the ability to comprehend self-emotions and control them, motivation; being guided by goals in life, empathy; being aware of other people emotions and social skills; managing peoples emotions in relationships (Goleman 1995). Adhering to all co mponents of emotional intelligence will guarantee effective communication skills that are crucial in successful interactions in all aspects of an individuals life. Self-awareness includes establishing ones emotions, values and goals and, this guides the persons conduct to achieve success. People high on self-awareness leads to better work performance through recognizing how their emotions affect themselves and co-workers (Lunenburg 2011). Being aware of the impact of personal emotions to productivity and work relationship helps people to focus on the positive emotions and evade portraying behaviors that affect personal and team performance. Additionally, self-awareness helps people to create goals and be honest with self; this builds confidence that translates to success. Individuals with the abilities to manage self-emotions will make effective decisions guided by reason and not emotions. Khokhar Kush (2009) argue that people with emotion regulation skills take the time to keep disruptive emotions away and embark on sound decision making. Success in life is guided by the choices people make and, possessing the abilities to make good decisions free from personal emotions will provide room for excellence. Self-motivation capabilities allow people to use their self-emotions understanding to set and pursue goals in life. Being high in self-motivation allows one to modify self-emotions and enhance their chances of succeeding in different activities. Empathy as an emotional intelligence component allows people to cater the need of others and ensure success in services offered. Empathy helps leaders to make decisions considering others people needs and emotions (Lunenburg 2011). The ability to understand others will enhance healthy relationships that are motivating and encouraging and, results to success. Social skills strengthen team relationships at work and ensure high-quality production. According to Khokhar Kush (2009), people with abilities to manage relationship influence others to adopt their vision and motivates them to work. Hence, being able to bring emotional intelligence at work will guide relationship and overall business success. Emotional Intelligence Influence on Active Listening and Assertiveness in Organizations Active listening and assertive communication can enhance how organizations top management and employees communicate through taking care of self and other people emotions and, composing a response that is mindful of others. Active listening is accurately getting what is said and giving appropriate feedback. However, active listening can be distracted by the recipient emotions and, this will hinder effective communication. Emotional intelligence will help the organizations leaders and staffs to evaluate their moods and emotions to ensure they engage in active listening. Self-awareness will enable listeners to quiet their emotions to comprehend and assess the information (Kelly Kaminskien? 2016). Managers who are aware of their feelings will be able to evaluate their state of emotions and, engage employees in a conversation when they are emotionally ready. According to Gerdes Segal (2009), emotions such as anger and anxiety can diminish a persons ability to listen actively. Hence, bei ng high on self-awareness will enable workers to suppress emotions that can inhibit their listening skills to ensure they get the right information and give a valid response. Emotions in a conversation can tell what is not said and, being able to associate with the persons feelings will enhance the understanding of the message. Employing empathy in listening enables the listeners to get the message accurately and interpret it rightly to give the best feedback (Jones, Bodie Hughes 2016). Emotional intelligence will equip business leaders with the knowledge of employees emotions and, hence, be able to listen attentively. Gerdes Segal (2009) note that empathy in listening builds trust, respect and encourages the speaker to reveal more information. Managers with the abilities to associate with their employees feelings will create a healthy working environment and, this will enhance the understanding of the message. Emotional intelligence will enhance assertive communication through a clear and confident state of personal opinions and feelings while acknowledging and respecting others feelings from the point of knowledge. Being self-aware will enable the top leadership and employees to make decisions without emotional interference. Self-awareness reveals ones feelings, values, and abilities and, guides the construction of valid responses (nal 2012). Assertive communication allows people to state their opinions confidently and respectfully. Thus, an employee who understands himself will able to conceive a message that is considerate of his values and goals. Furthermore, empathy guides assertive communication due to the evaluation of other people's feeling and needs. Organizational leaders will be able to construct messages that are cognizant of their employees emotions, to ensure effective communication. Hence, emotional intelligence will guide active listening and assertive communication that ar e crucial in a communication and, enhance meaningful interactions in formal communications in organizations. Aristotelian Rhetoric and Cultural Elements in Oral Presentations Aristotle arts of Public Speaking help speakers to build credibility and successfully persuade the audience to adopt their messages. Ethos in persuasive speaking concentrates on the speakers authority and knowledge on the topic. According to Murthy Gosal (2016), ethos encompasses the speakers character and perceived trustworthiness by the audience. Moreover, the speakers credibility is enhanced by the similarities between him and the audience and his reputation. Oral presenters must appear credible in the eyes of the message recipient to ensure the audience is attentive and anxious and participate in the presentations. Speakers with high ethos draw the audience attention through expectations of valuable information (Tropiano 2006). A speaker will be more compelling and have high chances of succeeding when he appears credible before the audience. Pathos in public speaking concentrates on the speakers ability to connect with the public emotions. Pathos is the appealing of the audience psychology and getting them to the right emotional state (Murthy Gosal 2016). Speakers who employ the use of pathos can appeal to the audience to take the advocated initiatives to achieve or evade the elicited emotions in the talk. Tropiano (2006) notes that appeal to emotions enhance the audience comprehension of how the topic affects them directly and, give them the reason to act. A speaker who appeals to audience emotions portrays what the members of the audience will feel when faced with similar situations. Hence, a persuasive speaker will be successful when he shows the emotional state the audience will be in when they adopt the message. Use of logos in public speaking refers to the rational argument employed by the speaker to support his advocated points of view. According to Smith (2004), pathos is the showing of truth in the speakers message through substantive arguments. Speakers should give evidence to the audience to prove the case in the topic. Speakers who employ logic in their presentations speakers have high chances of influencing the listeners to their directions. Human beings make decisions by use of information that makes the most sense (Tropiano 2006). Hence, supporting claims with facts and rational arguments help the speaker to persuade the listeners. Cultural backgrounds play a crucial part in the delivery of oral presentations. Individualistic and collectivist culture as noted in Hofstedes intercultural model affects communication apprehension and how the speakers engage the audience. According to Croucher, Sommier, Rahmani Appenrodt (2015), speakers from individualist culture will focus on their needs in the presentation while speakers from the collectivist culture will strive to cater for the groups need. The individualist experience low communication apprehension as they endeavour to meet their needs and engaging in self-satisfactory activities during the presentation. However, collectivist culture speakers will concentrate on the audience needs and be sensitive to their perceptions which result to communication apprehension. Hence, individualistic and collectivist cultural elements affect public speaking anxiety and the level of audience engagement. Conclusion Consequently, Emotional intelligence (EI) is a key determinant of success in life due to the ability to understand and manage self and others. E.I guide peoples personal and working relationships that translate to the effective conduct of business. Moreover, Emotional intelligence will enhance formal communications in organizations through active listening and assertive communication. Managers and employees will be able to listen undisrupted by emotions and respond fully aware of others feelings. Oral presenters should employee ethos, pathos and logos to build their credibility and persuade the audience through emotional and logic appeal. Additional, public speakers must be aware of their cultural dimensions such as individualistic or collectivist cultures that affect oral presentation. Thus, incorporating emotional intelligence in communication is crucial in social and professional life. References Croucher, S., Sommier, M., Rahmani, D. and Appenrodt, J., 2015. A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Communication Apprehension: A Comparison of Three European Nations. Journal of Intercultural Communication 14(38), pp. 1406-1634 Gerdes, K.E. and Segal, E.A., 2009. A Social Work Model of Empathy. Advances in Social Work, 10(2), pp.114-127. Goleman, D. 1998. Working with Emotional Intelligence. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. Goleman, D. P. 1995. Emotional Intelligence: Why it can Matter More than IQ for Character, Health and lLfelong Achievement. New York: Bantam Books. Jones, S.M., Bodie, G.D. and Hughes, S.D., 2016. The Impact of Mindfulness on Empathy, Active Listening, and Perceived Provisions of Emotional Support. Communication Research, 10 (1), pp. 1-28. Kelly, E.J. and Kaminskien?, N., 2016. Importance of Emotional Intelligence in Negotiation and Mediation. International Comparative Jurisprudence. 2(1), pp. 55-60 Khokhar, C.P. and Kush, T., 2009. Emotional Intelligence and Work Performance among Executives. Europes Journal of Psychology, 5(1), pp. 1-4 Lunenburg, F.C., 2011. Emotional Intelligence in the Workplace: Application to Leadership. International Journal of Management, Business, and Administration, 14(1), pp.1-6. Murthy, D.M. and Gosal, M., 2016. A Study on Aristotles Rhetoric Applied to Industrial Communication. British Journal of English Linguistics, 4(1), pp.64-74. Smith, R.V., 2004. The Elements of Great Speechmaking: Adding Drama Intrigue. University Press of America. Tropiano J. M., 2006. Aristotle and the Art of Successful Presentations. Defense ATL, 35(3), pp.45-47. nal, S., 2012. Evaluating the Effect of Self-awareness and Communication Techniques on Nurses Assertiveness and Self-esteem. Contemporary nurse, 43(1), pp.90-98. Van Genderen, E., 2013. Emotional Intelligence, Communication, and Technology: Defining the New Professional. Middle East Journal of Business, 8(4), pp.3-7.

Stochastic Events free essay sample

Consider the same population of butterflies is in the path of a hurricane. All survive, but 10 are blown to a new location. These 10 start a new population; their progeny will reflect the founder’s gene pool. This is known as the founder effect. Materials Beaker #1 Beaker #2 Beaker #3 Questions 1. What observations can you make regarding the gene pool and gene frequency of the founding individuals? 2. Do these results vary between the populations founded by beakers #1, #2 and #3? Why or why not? 3. What observations can you make about the genetic variation between the parent and founding populations? 4. Suppose you have a population of 300 butterflies. If the population grows by 12% in the following year, how many butterflies do you have? 5. Now suppose you have 300 eggs, but only 70% of those eggs progress to become a cater- pillar, and only 80 of the caterpillar progress to become an adult butterfly. How many butterflies do you have? 6. Suppose you have a population of 150 butterflies, but a wildfire devastates the population and only 24 butterflies survive. We will write a custom essay sample on Stochastic Events or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What percent does the colony decrease by? Experiment 4: Natural Selection Natural selection is a selection pressure that affects phenotypes in one of three ways: †¢It will create an adaptive advantage. †¢It will create an adaptive disadvantage. †¢It will remain entirely neutral. A classic example to illustrate natural selection comes from England. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, the native moths were normally a light color, though darker versions of the same species existed. The lighter color blended with the light bark of the local trees, while the darker moths experienced a higher predation rate – they were easier for birds to spot and fewer survived to reproduce. As England entered the Industrial Revolution they began burning fossil fuels with little regard to the pollutants they were emitting. The trunks of the trees became coated with soot and their color darkened. The lighter moths became more conspicuous and the darker moths were better camouflaged. The proportion of white to dark moths changed. Materials Red beads, ? Blue beads, 100 mL Beaker Questions 1. How did the distribution of phenotypes change over time? 2. Is there a selective advantage or disadvantage for the red and/or blue phenotypes? 3. What phenotypic results would you predict if starting with the following population sizes? 4.? A. 1000: B. 100: C. 10: 5. Assume that you live in a country with 85 million people that consistently experiences an annual growth rate of 4. 2%. If this population continues to grow at the same rate for the next 50 years, how many people will live in the country (round to the nearest whole number). Experiment 5: Sickle Cell Anemia Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease (1 base pair mutation that changes a protein). It is common in those of African ancestry. â€Å"S† will represent the normal dominant allele and â€Å"s† the recessive sickle allele. They are co-dominant alleles – SS is normal, Ss is not fatal, ss is debilitating, painful and often fatal. Materials Blue beads, Red beads, 100 mL Beaker Questions 1. What is the remaining ratio of alleles? 2. Have any been selected against? 3. Given enough generations, would you expect one of these alleles to completely disappear from the population? Why or why not? 4. Would this be different if you started with a larger population? Smaller? 5. After hundreds or even thousands of generations both alleles are still common in those of ? African ancestry. How would you explain this? 6. The worldwide distribution of sickle gene matches very closely to the worldwide distribution of malaria (http://cdc-malaria. ncsa. uiuc. edu/). Is this significant? Why or why not?

Trade imbalance between USA and China

Introduction Barry Eichengreen, commenting in his article titled, ‘Will global imbalances return?’ notes that, â€Å"future history books, depending on where they are written, will take one of two approaches to assigning blame for the world’s current financial and economic crisis† (Eichengreen 2009). According to the author, one of the two approaches will put a lot of blame on sloppy regulation, compliant monetary policy and derisory savings in the United States.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Trade imbalance between USA and China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The second approach which is being pushed by former and current USA officials will boldly heap much blame on the enormous pool of liquidity generated by high-savings nations specifically in East Asia and also the Middle East (Eichengreen 2009). To this second group, their argument will rest on the fact that the massive liquidi ty would have been channeled somewhere and that the place for such liquidity would have been in the country with the deepest financial markets and that is USA, which unfortunately accelerated its asset prices to unsound heights (Eichengreen 2009). Peter Morici observes that there is a serious dissatisfaction on the part of governments starting from Berlin to Bangkok and the reason for dissatisfaction is that, the dollar is falling since there is no assurance or reliance on American consumers who have been vital in powering the economies of many countries (Morici 2009). According to the author, â€Å"deregulation and new technologies powered USA growth, and Americans flush with success bought whatever the world had to sell; however, when the imports substantially exceed exports, Americans must consume more than they earn producing good and services, or demand for what they make is inadequate, inventories pile up and layoffs and recession follow† (Morici, 2009). The observation made is that the global savings imbalance which has witnessed low savings in the USA and high savings in China and in other growing markets has greatly contributed to the crisis where it resulted in Americans spending more by living beyond their means, while at the same time encouraging desperate financiers to earn return on massive funds by putting them largely on speculative use. Nevertheless, other discussions especially emanating from Washington have framed China as villain whereby, through its policy of holding its exchange rate unnaturally low, China has been seen as stealing jobs and in the process forcing USA to run a huge trade deficit. Indeed, it is from such observations that Washington operatives are convinced that China should be forced to revalue its currency, the Yuan (Ktetaichinh, 2009).Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, the current debate over the exchange rate between the Yuan and the dollar is framed in terms of global imbalances where it is seen that USA is consuming beyond its savings on one hand, and on the other hand China is producing excessively and at the same time saving beyond its own spending (Alford, 2010). Moreover, numerous corrective suggestions have been put forward such as, USA should export and save more while China import and spend more. To this extent, the debate is more concerned on the issue of how to achieve this rebalancing. Analysis of factors behind the US trade deficit with China Enormous literature shows that trade between United States and China has been waxing and weakening (Morrison 2010, p.5) and in this trading relationship, it is only between 1949 and 1972 when there wasn’t any trade relation between USA and China as a result of frost relationship between Washington and Mao’s Communist policies (Asian American Studies Center, N.d). But after economic reforms that were initi ated in late 1970s, China increased its global trade share to almost ten times. Basically, trade deficit between USA and China started to be experienced since the late 1980s whereby annual deficits went up during the 1990s (Morrison, 2010, p.5) and skyrocketed during the first half of the 21st century (The USA-China Business Council, N.d, p.1). Today, USA and China form each other’s second biggest trading partners while at the same time China has toppled Canada as the main exporter to USA by becoming America’s third largest export market (The USA-China Business Council, 2008, p.1). In the year 2007, USA exported commodities worth $65.2 billion to China market and imported commodities worth $321.5 billion from China, leading to USA realizing a trade deficit of $256.3 billion and which constituted USA’s largest trade deficit ever to any single country (Asian American Studies Center, N.d). This particular circumstance has irritated USA lawmakers who have threatened to strike tariffs and import duties on Chinese goods if China remains reluctant and adamant in reducing its massive trade surplus with USA. One question that should be asked and investigated is what accounts for the current massive USA-China trade imbalance. Many critics and other policy makers have given varying reasons as the key causes of these imbalances. For instance, China has been viewed to put more restrictions in accessing its market while ironically at the same time engaging in aggressive activities and programmes to support and enhance exports by its domestic firms (Asian American Studies Center, N.d; Dow, 2009); secondly, China is seen to enjoy low-wage/low-cost advantage (Economic 2008); and thirdly, China is viewed to artificially undervalue its currency (Asian American Studies Center N.d).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Trade imbalance between USA and China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Other factors that also account to the imbalance of trade between USA and China has been cited as: Americans as nation is seen to be involved in consumption with no saving, where America imports much more than it exports for many years now (Gang, 2010). What is evident is the fact that USA has been on a long-running spending fling that has resulted into increased imports and this scenario has been catalyzed by USA long housing boom whereby Americans borrowed heavily against the rising property values and in the process their consumption exceeded their saving (Asian American Studies Center, N.d). Today, consumer spending accounts for almost 65 per cent of the USA economy. Relocation of exports from other Asian countries to China, whereby China has become the final point of assembly for numerous products that are manufactured in other Asian countries like Japan, Taiwan and Hong Kong (Dow 2009) and this particular reason has seen China-USA trade deficit increase from 27 per cent in the yea r 1997 to 28 per cent in the year 2006 while that of other Asian countries went down from 43 per cent to 17 per cent in the same period of time (Asian American Studies Center, N.d). These statistics clearly indicate that USA, in a way, is importing more from China and less from other Asian countries. Over-counting China exports as a result of China relaxing most of its foreign investment policies, many of China’s exports are believed to be produced by foreign firms that have invested in China which also constitute firms owned by Americans who in turn export their products back to USA market. Statistics indicate that 60 per cent of China’s exports are products that have been produced by foreign investors but in sense have been regarded and counted as China’s exports. Undercounting USA sales; many USA sales of goods to China by US foreign investors who operate in China are not counted as USA exports to China (Wellen 2004). In 2005, it was estimated that the sale b y these USA investors in China totaled $86.5 billion and was 70 per cent larger than USA exports in the same year and if such sales were counted as USA exports probably the trade deficit between the two countries would not be enormous as it is today. China’s stand and the concerns of the USA The existence of trade imbalance between China and USA is a fact that most people of the two countries continue to accept but many concerns have continued to bewilder USA on most trade issues with China (Bivens and Scott, 2006). For example, despite the two countries working to enhance and better their commercial relations, tensions continue to rise on key issues: America’s concern over China emanates from the issue of China’s continued resistance to adopt a market-based currency. China, unlike other advanced economies, does not maintain a market-based floating exchange rate (Kimberly, 2010) and between the years 1994 and 2005, China largely pegged its Yuan to the USA dolla r at about 8.28 Yuan to the dollar (Morrison, 2010, p.18). In July 2005, China appreciated the Yuan to the dollar by 2.1 per cent and, â€Å"moved to managed float based on a basket of major foreign currencies including the USA dollar† (Morrison, 2010, p.19; Kimberly, 2010). And in an attempt to maintain a target rate of exchange with the dollar, Beijing government has fostered restrictions and controls over capital transactions while at the same time making large-scale purchase of USA dollars. Many USA policy makers and business groups have been irritated by China despite its minor reforms where they note that Beijing government continue to manipulate its currency with an aim of keeping the value of its currency artificially low against the dollar (Morrison, 2010, p.19) and to them, this particular policy by China is composed of subsidy for Chinese exports to USA markets and acts as tariff on Chinese imported USA products. The complaint is that this particular policy has con tinued to hurt USA manufacturing sectors (Rushing, 2010) that in turn is forced to compete against low-cost Chinese products, thus leading to loss of many USA jobs.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Many concerns and claims have soared about this China’s exchange and even there has been increasing pressure to name China as currency manipulator and hence institute trade sanctions on part of China (Sanhati, 2010). When evaluated and analyzed, this exchange policy by China has benefited the country greatly since it saw China weather the storms of recession and recorded growth rate of 9 per cent in 2010; however, IMF has projected that China’s economy in 2011 will grow by 10 per cent (Sanhati 2010). At the same time in 2009, China had reserve accumulation of about $400 billion whereby the reserve accumulation holding went up by $2.4 trillion in January 2010. These figures indicate that China’s reserve holding has gone up from 1 per cent in year 2000 to almost 12 per cent of GDP by the start of 2010. In addition, as China grew and benefited from its exchange policy, America experienced unemployment rate of 10 per cent and as a result, many USA policymakers heape d the blame on Chinese exchange rate claiming it was the source of problems America was experiencing and as a result, USA Congress has been at forefront demanding the government to institute a strong stand on China’s exchange rate (Sanhati, 2010). In response, China has continued to insist that its current policy is not intended to favor exports over imports, instead, is meant to enhance domestic economic stability (Morrison, 2010, p.19). China further claims that doing away with the current currency policy would jeopardize and weaken its export industries and hence cause wide-scale layoffs. Chinese officials’ content that, economic stability is essentially important in ensuring there is political stability. Further, China has reacted by claiming that â€Å"exports are an important part of the Chinese economy, and any global market fluctuation or external shock will certainly have an impact on overall growth;† and like any other economies of the world, Chinaâ₠¬â„¢s economy largely depends on consumption and investment (Gang 2010). Moreover, Yuan exchange rate is actually secondary contributory factor in China’s external trade. In other words, China’s current global trade imbalance can be rectified by addressing other related factors that dwell on Yuan exchange rate. Why the gap exists between the views of China and the US on trade imbalance China has viewed its export to Europe and USA as â€Å"part of global structural change† which in turn has given China â€Å"leverage comparative advantage† (Freytag 2008). Studies have indicated that China’s comparative advantage is rooted in China’s exploit of low-tech and medium-tech products and as a result, China has obtained trade surplus with most Europe countries and USA (Freytag 2008). Due to this, China has continued to refute claims by USA that it manipulates its currency for own advantage by noting that comparative advantage viewed in the context o f the soaring deficit and currency undervaluation is that China is able to export to Europe countries and USA in key sectors; thus it is able to derive comparative advantages and therefore difficult to claim that its increase in export is largely determined and dependent on currency undervaluation (Freytag, 2008). Another disagreement in views originates from the fact that liberalization of international markets has enabled countries to create vital mutual benefits for domestic industries and also its trading partners (The Free Library, N.d) and as a result, countries are encouraged to put much focus on the activities they are able to derive comparative advantage. In addition, the existence of international trade bodies enables China to exploit its trade agreements by citing clauses such as, ‘free international exchange of goods and services’ and therefore institute ‘domestic favorable policy’ with aim to leverage advantage over its trading partners. Due to China’s demographic advantage and its subsequent low spending, it becomes difficulty to solely claim that China’s policy is aimed at external market. More often than not, China has expressed that its policy was intended for domestic market and trade, and that USA problem emanates from large fiscal deficits compounded by low household savings and this is due to excessive financial leverage. Lastly, China has made it clear that it is willing to spearhead currency reforms in its own way and pace without any outside interference (Somerville, 2010). Policy alternatives to resolve the conflicts between USA and China As overriding issue concerning USA-China trade deficit remain a plain fact it is imperative to explore the possible policy alternatives that can be employed in order to resolve the conflict. First, Marcus Noland together with Peterson Institute suggests that USA should first acknowledge that China is not the sole source to its economic problems although much nee ds to done on China’s economic policy and that China is not a vital source of job displacement in United States of America. The authors pose that, â€Å"If US is worried about the trade deficit; it should first reduce its own government budget deficit to close the saving-investment gap† (Noland and Peterson Institute, n.d, p.1). Proposing a grand bargain for the two countries, Eswar Prasad provides key policy framework that can be adopted by two nations to enhance their trade relations. According to the author, the proposed grand bargain should have the following elements: The two trade partners should commit to using fiscal and monetary policy that has capacity to encourage domestic demand in their individual economies in the short run; China should allow its currency to be more flexible and possess ability to be more responsive to market forces while at the same time USA should formulate a plan to reduce its budget deficit as economy starts to pick up; USA should as sume and offer supportive role to China’s multilateral financial institutions; There should be continued high-level engagement and cooperation between USA and China on economic affairs; and lastly There is need for sustained shared interests between policymakers in China and United States of America in order to realize enduring reforms that support and enhance sustained balanced growth between China and USA (Prasad, 2010, p.1). Conclusion The obvious and undisputed fact is that there exists trade imbalance between USA and China, but this should not be the main issue to mourn about. What is evident is the fact that USA-China trade relations has been beneficial in a greater way whereby China has become one of the USA fastest growing export markets and at the same time, USA consumers continue to reap benefits from the ability to purchase low-cost imports from China. In addressing the existing trade deficit, two countries should not forget the mutual benefits they derive from ea ch other and that the most important thing for the two trade partners is to initiate sustainable policy framework that address their trade issues in a diplomatic way. The two countries should embrace cooperation and mutual engagement on key economic issues affecting their trade relation and also there should be sustained shared interests among the key policymakers of the two countries to realize enduring key reforms as far as trade relations between the two countries continue to increase. Reference List Alford, R., 2010. Structural Remedies Necessary to Tame Global Imbalances. Web. Available from: http://theglobalrealm.com/2010/06/22/structural-remedies-necessary-to-tame-global-imbalances/ . Asian American Studies Center. N.d. U.S.-China Trade Imbalance. Web. Available from: http://www.aasc.ucla.edu/uschina/trade_tradeimbalance.shtml . Bivens, L. J. and Scott, R. E., 2006. China Manipulates its Currency-A response is needed. Economic Policy Institute. Web. Available from: http://www .epi.org/publications/entry/pm116/ . Dow, M., 2009. Chinese Handcuffs? No, Chinese trade deficit. Council on Foreign Relations. Web. Available from: http://blogs.cfr.org/setser/2009/07/10/chinese-handcuffs-no-chinese-trade-deficit/ . Economics. 2008. USA Trade Deficit with China. Web. Available from: http://www.economicshelp.org/blog/economics/usa-trade-deficit-with-china/ . Eichengreen, B., 2009. Will Global Imbalances Return? Web. Available from: http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/eichengreen5/English . Freytag, A., 2008. Should Europe really worry about its trade deficit with China? Web. Available from: http://www.voxeu.org/index.php?q=node/1150 . Gang, F., 2010. Behind China’s trade deficit. Directory of Investment in China. Web. Available from: http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2010-04/30/content_9797450.htm . Kimberly, A., 2010. U.S. Deficit with China. Web. Available from: http://useconomy.about.com/od/tradepolicy/p/us-china-trade.htm . Ktetaichinh. 2009. Economics: If China sharply revalued Yuan as American politicians are demanding it could actually hurt United States and help China. Web. Available from: http://lanle.wordpress.com/2009/02/25/if-china-sharply-revalued-the-yuan-as-american-politicians-are-demanding-it-could-actually-hurt-the-united-states-and-help-china/ . Morici, P., 2009. The Great Debate: China’s Yuan, not the dollar, is too cheap. Web. Available from: http://blogs.reuters.com/great-debate/tag/yuan/ . Morrison, W. M., 2010. China-U.S. Trade Issues. CRS Report for Congress. Web. Available from: http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33536.pdf . Noland, M. and Peterson Institute. N.d. US-China Economic Relations. Peterson Institute for International Economics. Web. Available from: http://www.iie.com/publications/wp/wp.cfm?ResearchID=162 . Prasad, E., 2010. The Effect of the Crisis on the U.S.-China Economic Relationship. Web. Available from: http://www.brookings.edu/testimony/2009/0217_chinas_economy_prasad.aspx . Rushing, J.T., 2010. Trade deficit adds to pressure on China. The Hillsdale News Alert. Web. Available from: http://thehill.com/homenews/senate/114361-trade-deficit-adds-to-pressure-on-china . Sanhati, R. V., 2010. The US-China Trade and Currency dispute: A red herring? Web. Available from: http://sanhati.com/excerpted/2437/ . Somerville, G., 2010. China and U.S. each claim gains on Yuan in talk. Reuters News. Web. Available from: http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE64M09Q20100525 . The Free Library. N.d. The U.S. Trade deficits: made in China? Web. Available from: http://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+U.S.+trade+deficit%3A+made+in+China%3F-a0142381621 . The US-China Business Council. 2008. USCBC Reports: US Exports to China by State, 2000-07. Web. Available from: http://www.uschina.org/public/exports/state_exports_2007.html . Wellen, P., 2004. The Trade deficit with China: a case study in corporate America’s successful global marketing. Web. Available from: http://www.allbusin ess.com/management/benchmarking/343767-1.html . 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Essay Sample on the Role of Black Citizens in Elections

Essay Sample on the Role of Black Citizens in Elections Blacks or African Americans have gone a long way since the slave trading days, pre-civil war. They have successfully re-invented themselves into productive and rightful citizens of the United States. They were given right to vote and the Blacks history against Republican candidates became a tool that Democrats took advantage of in balancing the political power, by using Black votes, which composed a whooping 15% of the voting populace, against the Republicans. As stated by Walters, Black presence has often been decisive in determining the outcome of presidential elections (Walters, 1). However, even though Blacks were given such freedom to exercise their voting prowess, they are still considered a minority and don’t hold any important representations. They are merely used as tools, a strategic ploy by the Democrats to attract more votes and win more points through the support of the Black citizens over their rivals, the conservative Republicans. The cost of social (permanent racial minority) status based upon an imperfect social contract for Blacks is that rarely has it been possible to participate in crucial decisions such as the selection of national leadership in a manner which reflects the interests of Black (interests defined here as both racial preference and race-related issue preference) through what is called sincere or straightforward voting (Walters, 3). In addition, racism still plays an important role in determining whether American citizens are ready to accept a Black President. This matter can be traced back to the pre-civil war roots and although Blacks were given freedom, they are not yet free enough to take over or make a crucial point in US Presidential Elections. If you need custom essays, research papers, thesis papers, dissertations or term papers on Politics or other discipline feel free to contact our professional custom writing service.

Did the 2012 London Olympics and Paralympics set new standards for CSR Essay

Did the 2012 London Olympics and Paralympics set new standards for CSR - Essay Example The Olympic movement is more than a sport† (Babiak and Wolfe 2006, p.216). Olympics has a colossal history of antiquity, that dates back to ancient times. It had evolved for the betterment of mankind. The recent summer Olympics and Paralympics were held at London in 2012. Instead of throwing light upon the overview of this event, we widen our gaze and look into the political, economical and social features associated with it, thus leading to application of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) during the Olympics. The breadth of our study is not going to cease here, as it will broaden and culminate with a deeper understanding of CSR involved in London 2012 Olympics. In this content, let us analyze, whether or not, 2012 London Olympics and Paralympics paved a way to set new standards for CSR and to up to what extent. What is CSR? CSR is a corporate social responsibility in a three dimensional way, consisting of social, economic and environmental elements. There is no universal d efinition for CSR, as it depends upon various factors that vary from country to country. It can be defined as the ethical business practice, which is in conformity with law and also, with the needs of people and environment. Social responsibility in business has been considered since the beginning of business concepts. CSR is always associated with the word sustainability, but both are different. â€Å"Sustainability is part  of a good CSR plan, however, when you strive to be sustainable, it is not only in the environmental sense of word, but in a much more holistic way† (Pilarinos 2012).  CSR is an inevitable priority for long standing as well as emerging business organizations as they have to take care of crucial â€Å"Three Ps† namely people, profits and planet. It also becomes part of an organization’s marketing strategy. â€Å"93% of consumers globally expect firms to display. CSR is going beyond the minimum standards required by law to operate respons ibly by changing the business practices and lending support to address social and environmental issues.† (Mermod and Idowu 2013, p.3-4). But where does sports events like Olympics connects with CSR. In order to conduct massive events like Olympics, a private sponsor becomes an indispensable need. Here corporations come to play getting into the lime light, thus they can build local partnerships and create brand awareness. Sports and CSR Sports have power to unite the world and it can instill optimism, promoting healthy lifestyle and a sense of feeling contented. CSR plans are used by companies to sell their brand value. Almost every company could have CSR plans, as part of their strategies in its external environment. (Paetzold 2010). Sports and business corporations when working as a single unit can provide a strong impetus for positive changes in economic, social and environmental areas. CSR and sports organizations can work hand in hand, complementing each other. Business or ganizations have found that they can promote their product and services by exposing those things as well as the organizations’ logos through advertising boards, pamphlets and importantly by organizing events associated with sports. (Stoldt, Dittmore and Branvold 2011). CSR and London Olympics The remarkable thing to note in London Olympics is their commitment to being environmental friendly. This was achieved with the cooperation of corporations. â€Å"The most recent London Olympic games in 2012 was the first Olympic games to measure its carbon footprint over the